A general vectorised if

This function allows you to vectorise multiple if and else if statements. It is an R equivalent of the SQL CASE WHEN statement.

case_when(...)

Arguments

...

A sequence of two-sided formulas. The left hand side (LHS) determines which values match this case. The right hand side (RHS) provides the replacement value. The LHS must evaluate to a logical vector. The RHS does not need to be logical, but all RHSs must evaluate to the same type of vector. Both LHS and RHS may have the same length of either 1 or n. The value of n must be consistent across all cases. The case of n == 0 is treated as a variant of n != 1.

Value

A vector of length 1 or n, matching the length of the logical input or output vectors, with the type (and attributes) of the first RHS. Inconsistent lengths or types will generate an error.

Examples

x <- 1:50
case_when(
  x %% 35 == 0 ~ "fizz buzz",
  x %% 5 == 0 ~ "fizz",
  x %% 7 == 0 ~ "buzz",
  TRUE ~ as.character(x)
)
#>  [1] "1"         "2"         "3"         "4"         "fizz"      "6"        
#>  [7] "buzz"      "8"         "9"         "fizz"      "11"        "12"       
#> [13] "13"        "buzz"      "fizz"      "16"        "17"        "18"       
#> [19] "19"        "fizz"      "buzz"      "22"        "23"        "24"       
#> [25] "fizz"      "26"        "27"        "buzz"      "29"        "fizz"     
#> [31] "31"        "32"        "33"        "34"        "fizz buzz" "36"       
#> [37] "37"        "38"        "39"        "fizz"      "41"        "buzz"     
#> [43] "43"        "44"        "fizz"      "46"        "47"        "48"       
#> [49] "buzz"      "fizz"     

# Like an if statement, the arguments are evaluated in order, so you must
# proceed from the most specific to the most general. This won't work:
case_when(
  TRUE ~ as.character(x),
  x %%  5 == 0 ~ "fizz",
  x %%  7 == 0 ~ "buzz",
  x %% 35 == 0 ~ "fizz buzz"
)
#>  [1] "1"  "2"  "3"  "4"  "5"  "6"  "7"  "8"  "9"  "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15"
#> [16] "16" "17" "18" "19" "20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26" "27" "28" "29" "30"
#> [31] "31" "32" "33" "34" "35" "36" "37" "38" "39" "40" "41" "42" "43" "44" "45"
#> [46] "46" "47" "48" "49" "50"

# All RHS values need to be of the same type. Inconsistent types will throw an error.
# This applies also to NA values used in RHS: NA is logical, use
# typed values like NA_real_, NA_complex, NA_character_, NA_integer_ as appropriate.
case_when(
  x %% 35 == 0 ~ NA_character_,
  x %% 5 == 0 ~ "fizz",
  x %% 7 == 0 ~ "buzz",
  TRUE ~ as.character(x)
)
#>  [1] "1"    "2"    "3"    "4"    "fizz" "6"    "buzz" "8"    "9"    "fizz"
#> [11] "11"   "12"   "13"   "buzz" "fizz" "16"   "17"   "18"   "19"   "fizz"
#> [21] "buzz" "22"   "23"   "24"   "fizz" "26"   "27"   "buzz" "29"   "fizz"
#> [31] "31"   "32"   "33"   "34"   NA     "36"   "37"   "38"   "39"   "fizz"
#> [41] "41"   "buzz" "43"   "44"   "fizz" "46"   "47"   "48"   "buzz" "fizz"
case_when(
  x %% 35 == 0 ~ 35,
  x %% 5 == 0 ~ 5,
  x %% 7 == 0 ~ 7,
  TRUE ~ NA_real_
)
#>  [1] NA NA NA NA  5 NA  7 NA NA  5 NA NA NA  7  5 NA NA NA NA  5  7 NA NA NA  5
#> [26] NA NA  7 NA  5 NA NA NA NA 35 NA NA NA NA  5 NA  7 NA NA  5 NA NA NA  7  5
# This throws an error as NA is logical not numeric
try({
case_when(
  x %% 35 == 0 ~ 35,
  x %% 5 == 0 ~ 5,
  x %% 7 == 0 ~ 7,
  TRUE ~ NA
)
})
#> Error in assert_equal_type(val, x, name) : 
#>   must be type double, not logical
dat <- iris[1:5, ]
dat$size <- case_when(
  dat$Sepal.Length < 5.0 ~ "small",
  TRUE ~ "big"
)
dat
#>   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species  size
#> 1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa   big
#> 2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa small
#> 3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa small
#> 4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa small
#> 5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa   big